Formula
Annual downtime cost = Incidents × Downtime hours × Hourly business cost × Affected capacity + Incidents × Fixed recovery cost
Affected capacity scales the hourly disruption component; fixed recovery expense is added for every incident.
What the result means
The result estimates operational disruption and fixed recovery spending; it excludes direct theft unless included in the hourly or fixed cost assumptions.
Avoid double counting payroll, revenue, and contractual penalties if they are already included in the hourly business cost.