Formula
Buffered hours = base hours × (1 + uncertainty% + revision% + compression%)
The allowances are added to the same base estimate, making each reserve visible and preventing compounding from obscuring the plan.
What the result means
The buffered total is the calendar and pricing allowance to plan against. It does not mean every reserve hour must be billed; unused contingency protects delivery margin.
If a risk is already included in the base estimate, do not add it again. Extremely uncertain work may be better scoped as a paid discovery phase.