Formula
Backup requirement = Peak × coverage × (1 + growth) × (1 + overhead)
Per-link requirement = Backup requirement ÷ standby links
What the result means
The main result is the aggregate backup bandwidth needed to carry the protected traffic after all allowances. Per-link capacity assumes even load distribution across the entered standby links.
This model assumes the standby links are simultaneously usable and independent of the failed path. Shared conduits, providers, power, or routing control planes can invalidate apparent redundancy.