Formula
Capacity = units × throughput per unit; utilization = demand ÷ capacity; required units = ⌈demand ÷ (unit throughput × target utilization)⌉
Use sustained benchmark throughput rather than a short burst maximum.
What the result means
Use the main result together with the supporting bounds, counts, or capacity figures. The estimate is only as reliable as the input definitions, sampling process, and operating assumptions.
Benchmark with realistic feature payloads, cache behavior, tail latency, network limits, and redundancy. Maximum throughput alone is not a latency guarantee.