Formula
Required concurrency = peak requests/min × (1 + headroom) × latency seconds ÷ 60
Maximum rate at the stated limit equals concurrency × 60 ÷ latency.
What the result means
Required concurrency estimates simultaneous in-flight requests at the adjusted peak. Compare it with the configured limit; maximum request rate shows the theoretical capacity at the stated average latency.
Average latency can hide tail latency. Validate the design with percentile latency and burst tests before production sizing.