Formula
Baseline exposure = trips × emissions per trip × current price
Stress exposure = trips × emissions per trip × (1 − reduction) × stress price
What the result means
The main result is the change in annual carbon-price exposure under the stress scenario. A positive amount indicates added exposure; a negative amount indicates savings.
This scenario is not a probability forecast. It isolates carbon-price and direct-emissions assumptions and excludes airfare demand, route changes, taxes, and operational costs.