Formula
Waste-adjusted area = net area × (1 + waste %)
Order packages = ceiling(adjusted area ÷ package coverage) + reserve packages
Actual overage includes the selected waste, package rounding, and the optional unopened reserve.
What the result means
The package count is the purchasable order quantity. Actual overage can be higher than the entered percentage because materials are sold in whole packages and because you may keep an unopened reserve.
Use separate calculations for materials with different package sizes or waste behavior. Return policies and dye-lot consistency may affect whether reserve packages are worth keeping.