Estimate usable warehouse-robot runtime, productive operating time, and charging coverage from battery capacity and average electrical load. The calculation accounts for reserve state of charge, battery-system efficiency, nonproductive time, charger power, and charging efficiency so shift planners can compare run time with the intended duty cycle.
Usable runtime is the estimated time from full charge to the chosen reserve at a constant average load. Actual runtime changes with payload, floor conditions, temperature, routing, and battery age.
Manufacturer battery-management limits may already reserve part of nominal capacity. Use available measured capacity when that figure is known.
An 8 kWh battery with 15% reserve and 92% system efficiency provides 6.256 kWh of usable energy. At a 1.1 kW average load, runtime is about 5.69 hours, productive time is 4.83 hours, and recharge takes 2.32 hours on a 3 kW charger at 90% efficiency.
No. kWh measures stored energy, while kW measures the rate at which energy is used or supplied.
The reserve keeps the robot from operating to an impractical or unsafe zero state of charge.
It should reflect the whole operating period represented by the runtime, including moving, handling, waiting, and onboard electronics.
Yes, but the robot will charge only at its supported rate. Enter the lower effective power delivered to the battery.
Enter the measured or expected usable capacity of the aged battery instead of its new rated capacity.
| Input | Unit | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Battery capacity | kWh | User-provided planning input. |
| Reserve charge | % | User-provided planning input. |
| Battery-system efficiency | % | User-provided planning input. |
| Average operating power | kW | User-provided planning input. |
| Productive share of runtime | % | User-provided planning input. |
| Charger power | kW | User-provided planning input. |
| Charging efficiency | % | User-provided planning input. |